Lethal

 Philippine Daily Inquirer/OPINION/by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo

Filed Under: Overseas Employment, Illegal drugs, death notices

MY TENSES are getting mixed up. Present or past? Are the convicts still waiting to die, are they dying, or are they already dead?

By now we should already know the fate of the three overseas Filipinos workers (OFWs) who had been condemned and scheduled to die by lethal injection in China on Wednesday. Dying or being killed by lethal injection seems less brutal than OFW Flor Contemplacion’s execution in 1995 in Singapore, which was by the rope. But death as a punishment by any method is brutal, merciless and inhuman. Many democratic nations, the Philippines included, have done away with it. But not China.

I watched someone die by lethal injection in 1999 when the death penalty (which had been outlawed during the administration of President Cory Aquino) was re-imposed and enforced for a few years during the Estrada presidency. I have written about the experience and don’t want to recall the details and write about it again. Let me just say that it looked like it was straight out of a movie, except that it was real and I was seated a few feet from the sobbing family of the convict and a few meters from the gurney on which the convict was strapped. Good thing there was a glass panel that separated the death chamber and us in the mini gallery.

It is a few minutes to the execution of the three OFWS while I am writing this piece and that scenario at the national penitentiary 12 years ago is beginning to play in my mind. I feel uneasy. I woke up at 4 a.m. and I was hoping to learn from the early morning TV news that the executions were not going to push through or have been deferred. I was disappointed. I prayed—for whatever purpose it may serve.

As a country that continues to send OFWs in the millions, we are never done with our collective mourning for our compatriots who toil in distant places—in deserts and oceans, homes and hospitals, factories and farms, theaters and hotels —and who lose their lives to disasters, disease, accidents, pirates, crime, wars and to their host countries’ lethal laws.

And so it has been this way these past months: earthquake in New Zealand, a package of earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster in Japan, war and strife in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Yemen, Bahrain, Syria, Jordan, etc., pirates in Somalia, death penalty in China. The list goes on. The Overseas Workers Welfare Administration and the Department of Foreign Affairs, NGOs and church groups serving OFWs can hardly catch their breath, and the embassy personnel in beleaguered countries are under siege for help, protection and intervention.

Despite the government’s intervention on behalf of the sentenced OFWs in China—Sally Ordinario Villanueva, Ramon Credo and Elizabeth Batain—all they got last month was a stay of execution for a month or so, a pa-consuelo gesture from China, but the execution were to go on as scheduled. Unlike the case of Contemplacion which involved the death of her fellow domestic worker and a child for which Contemplacion was sentenced to death, and which left room for doubts and reinvestigation (which Singapore did not grant), the case of the three OFWs accused of drug trafficking leave many people wondering if the three convicts perhaps wittingly put themselves in danger and thought they could get away with it.

Villanueva and Credo were to be executed in Xiamen, and Batain in Shenzen. Prayer vigils and masses have been held and continue to be held at this moment (Wednesday morning while I am writing this). No amount of government intervention and prayers could save the convicts.

Villanueva’s sworn statement would make us believe that not all who have been caught and convicted for acting as drug mules might have known what they were getting into. I would like to believe that Villanueva was indeed tricked into using what looked like an empty piece of luggage when in fact there were four kilos of heroin in its lining. Skeptics would say, how could she not have sensed the extra heaviness of a supposedly empty piece of luggage which she was then urged to fill with her own personal belongings?

In her sworn statement dated March 26 or four days ago, Villanueva, 33, of Isabela, said she had been tricked. That while she was working in Macau, a certain Mapet Cortez, also known as Tita Cacayan, befriended her. Cacayan, who also hails from Isabela convinced Villanueva to carry a silver-grey suitcase to China which was later found to have illegal drugs concealed in it. It was Cacayan who allegedly arranged for Villanueva’s Dec. 2008 trip to Xiamen.

Villanueva left for Xiamen with $500 pocket money and instructions to contact a certain individual and assurance that if she “do(es) as that person instructs, her boss would pay me a monthly salary of P25,000.” Well, this did not happen because on Dec. 24, 2008, Villanueva was apprehended at the Xiamen Gaoji International Airport. According to Villanueva, two bags of white powder wrapped in black plastic with a reported gross weight of 4,100 grams (about four kilos) were discovered concealed in the inner lining of the silver-grey suitcase. The powder turned out to be heroin.

Villanueva, the woman condemned to die named Mapet Cortez/Tita Cacayan as the person who made her transport the bags of heroin. Who is she? Where is she? Where is the original source of the heroin? What Villanueva said in her sworn statement is just the tip of the iceberg. Are government agencies investigating?

I am awaiting word about the three Filipinos condemned to die any time now before I click the e-mail Send button that would deliver this piece to the Inquirer Opinion page editors. I am waiting for three fellow Filipinos to die…

News came at high noon. Consummatum est.

Send feedback to cerespd@gmail.com or www.ceresdoyo.com

More than just a library of her own

Sunday Inquirer Magazine/FEATURE/by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo

Filed Under: Lifestyle & Leisure, Books, Travel & Commuting, Women

“A ROOM of her own” is what it used to be. But why stop there? Why indeed, when she could have an entire home to herself. A library, gallery and archive all hers.

The Ateneo Library of Women’s Writings (Aliww) is proudly the first of its kind in the Philippines and in this part of the world. It is not merely a place to marvel at and feel good in, simply because it is there. It is, in fact, a treasure trove that functions and serves this universe of diverse, sentient beings, half of whom are women.

Aliww has not been wanting in attention during the last 16 years of its existence. A lot has been written about it, about the women who presided at its birthing and the women whose works have found room in it. Much has been said about its conception and reason for being. When at last Aliww came to be, there was no turning back. Like any work in progress, Aliww continues to grow and evolve into something worthy of celebration.

The latest? Aliww recently moved to a much bigger “room of her own,” the ground floor of the Rizal Library where the university art gallery used to be. It is inside the Loyola Heights campus of the Ateneo de Manila University. For Women’s Month this March, the women behind Aliww, executive director Rica Bolipata-Santos among them, made sure something extra special would be going on – the must-see exhibit of paintings (“Foretelling”) by noted artist Brenda Fajardo.

The metaphorical “room of her own” may have sounded like wishful thinking then, but in the case of Aliww, it is a wish come true. As Dr. Edna Zapanta-Manlapaz, board member, who co-founded Aliww with Dr. Soledad Reyes, does not tire repeating: “Without documents, no history exists.”

What a pity then if women are nowhere in history simply because what they had written or what had been written about them were allowed to crumble and be blown away like dust.

Manlapaz happily adds that since Aliww is an equal-opportunity institution, the present chair of the board is a man, Leo Garcia.

“I would like to see Aliww become something like the Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America [at Harvard University],” Manlapaz muses.

“Procure, preserve, promote” writings by, and about, Filipino women. These three P’s sum up Aliww’s mandate, which has led to the creation of archival “rooms” for women where print items are preserved – items that “allow entry into the world of a woman who has distinguished herself in a particular field.” By providing researchers with access to such primary sources, Aliww facilitates the writing of a national history that includes and acknowledges the contribution of Filipino women.

But Aliww is not the exclusive domain of the distinguished and accomplished born-with-the-pen types. Out there in the hills yonder might exist recorded tales written in ancient scripts by, and about, women which might be in danger of getting buried in mudslide. Seize them gently.

Aliww considers women as “instinctive archivists, guardians of memorabilia, assiduous note-takers and journal-writers” for their families and clans. Sadly, their efforts are often lost to time, pests and neglect. Now, with the use of science and technology, Aliww is able to preserve priceless documents, memorabilia, photos, films, and videos through microfilming, digitization and acid- and pest treatment (for print). These are stored in rooms where temperature, humidity and ventilation are controlled. The women and their works are cited in “Pamana,” Aliww’s monographs published occasionally.

But just as important is making all these (copies of the original) available to the public for viewing, reading and research purposes. Adjacent to the archives is a room that contains published works by women. When SIM visited, the research room was full of researchers going over digitized publications. Two Ateneo students were going over back issues of the Inquirer in CDs. The subject of their research: oversupply of Filipino nurses (who, incidentally, are mostly women).

Famous names in Aliww’s archives have been mentioned often and repeatedly (see sidebar). The number has grown and the names are now too many too mention. For a change, here are photographs. That should be reason enough for you to walk through Aliww’s rooms, nooks and spaces.

There is such a place. Go, see and believe. •

AMONG Aliww’s prized collections are: the handwritten journals of Paz Marquez Benitez (1894-1983) which contain her notes on “Dead Stars,” the first modern short story written in English by a Filipino; two notebooks bequeathed by Angela Manalang Gloria (1907-1995), containing a handwritten draft of “Revolt from Hymen,” the poem that stirred up controversy at the 1940 Commonwealth Literary Contest; marginal notes by Lina Flor (1914-1976) on typescripts of “Gulong ng Palad,” the most successful daytime serial in the history of Philippine radio; the original program of “Filipinescas,” the 1961 landmark dance epic conceptualized and choreographed by Leonor Orosa-Goquinco (b. 1917); a scrapbook containing love poems by Liwayway’s “star writer” Rosario de Guzman Lingat (1924-1994); illustrated booklets on preventive healthcare by Mita Pardo de Tavera (b. 1929), veteran advocate of community-based healthcare; a poster and playbill of “Juan Tamban,” by playwright Marilou Jacob (b. 1948).

Power books by, for, and about women

Philippine Daily Inquirer/OPINION/by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo

Filed Under: Literature, Women

MARCH, WOMEN’S Month, has a lot to offer to women and women lovers. Many activities are lined up in March and one can’t seem to find time for all of them. But a launching of many books by, for and about women is something different. It is not every day that one gets to see so many such books of different genres, intents and purposes and so many women authors in one room.

Last week Anvil Publishing and Powerbooks celebrated Women’s Month by presenting the latest delectable books by, for and about women. These books should be available in most National Bookstores nationwide.

In the literary category are “Gun Dealer’s Daughter” by prolific writer Gina Apostol, and “Angelica’s Daughters,” a “dugtungan” novel written by accomplished writers, Cecilia Brainard, Nadine Sarreal, Susan Evangelista, Erma Cuizon and Beronica Montes. Dugtungan, says the blurb by Brian Ascalon Roley, “is a genre of the Tagalog novel popular early in the 20th century, in which each writer creates a chapter and hands it off to the next, who writes another chapter without direction. The result, in this case, is an ensemble performance that contains something of the exhilaration of theatrical improv.”

Three books belong to the creative non-fiction category. “Rich Life” by journalist Joy Posadas contains essays that focus on women’s major concerns such as life-work balance, passion and fulfillment in one’s career and financial security and independence, among others. Posadas shares insights gained over the years and from what she gathered from successful individuals from varied backgrounds.

“E.D.G.E. (Every Day Great Examples)” features Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines (TOSP) of past years, among them Cecile Guidote Alvarez, Soledad Aquino-Hernando, Pamela Gracia Concepcion C. Asis, Patricia Licuanan, Lourie Victor, Sonia Roco, Victoria Garchitorena, Edna Manlapaz and Noralin Mangondato Sharief-Ador.

“Peace Warriors: On the Trail of Filpino Soldiers” by journalist Criselda Yabes is an eloquent exposition on how different sectors of society, particularly the military, attempt to forge peace between different warring groups in Mindanao. Twenty years after her “The Boys From the Barracks” which chronicled the coup attempts in the 1980s, Yabes returns to the military in Muslim Mindanao, where the struggle to find peace is taking place. She weaves a richly layered story that fuses her personal history as a Mindanaoan and as a journalist covering peace and war in the area.

In the social science category are two books that present an alternative view of history by Christine Diaz. Written in engaging prose, “World History: New Perspectives” highlights history’s great moments, unforgettable episodes and how they relate to current realities. A great teacher, Diaz does her (hi)storytelling with a touch of humor and suspense. The book cover gives a hint of that. Diaz also wrote the critically acclaimed “The Other Philippine History Textbook.”

Three how-to books provide practical tips on how women (and men) can turn their cooking talents into profitable enterprises: “Restaurant Management 101” by Les Roches-trained Rosanna Gonzalez and Edna Reynoso-Anton, “Food, Business Ideas and Edible Gifts” by Vicky Veloso Barrera, and “Pinoy Vegetarian Cookbook” by food writers Dolly T. Dy-Zulueta and Susanna T. Dy

And in the children’s book category are “Spinning/Paikot-ikot” by Irene A. Sarmiento and illustrated by Christian Oliver Cruz and “Bituin and the Big Flood/Si Bituin at ang Malaking Baha” by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo (me) and illustrated by Inquirer cartoonist Jess Abrera.

“Spinning” is about a boy with autism and how children with the condition could be better understood. It shows what children with autism are capable of and how those who care for them could look beyond their handicaps.

I wrote “Bituin” after the devastating typhoons “Ondoy” and “Pepeng” struck the country in 2009. The book tells the story of how a family and a community cope and survive a natural calamity. “Bituin” is dedicated to the children who lost their lives during the typhoons and those who survived. Fine-tuned with the help of child psychologist Dr. Lourdes A. Carandang, “Bituin” contains guide questions for teachers and readers to use.

Although not part of the book launch, “Intertwining Culture of Patriarchy, Corruption and Impunity” by multi-awarded former regional trial court Judge Adoracion P. Cruz-Avisado of Davao City is worthy of mention. Published by Ateneo de Davao, the book is about her personal “journey in advocacy for the transformation of the justice system.” A good read for those in the legal profession and for women helping women.

In this Sunday’s Inquirer Magazine is a feature (that I wrote) on the Ateneo Library of Women’s Writings (Aliww), the only one of its kind in this part of the world. Why Aliww? “Women are instinctive archivists. Careful guardians of memorabilia, assiduous note-makers and journal-writers, they are often the archivists of their families and clans. Unfortunately, much of the documentation they produce is eventually lost to the relentless claims of time, exacerbated by human neglect. The axiom ‘no documentation, no history’ applies: without such primary material, it becomes especially difficult to establish the legacies of women to various areas of Philippine life. By providing researchers access to primary sources, Aliww facilitates the writing of a national history that acknowledges the contributions of Filipino women.”

At last, not just a metaphorical “room of her own” but a real one with treasures of its own.

Send feedback to cerespd@gmail.com or www.ceresdoyo.com

Remembering Tañada vs Bataan nuke plant

By Ma. Ceres P. Doyo
Philippine Daily Inquirer
First Posted 22:45:00 03/16/2011

Filed Under: Disasters (general), Government

FROM MY active files I just pulled out the booklet “The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant: A monument to man’s folly” subtitled “Pride and refusal to admit mistakes” by distinguished statesman, nationalist and former Sen. Lorenzo M. Tañada. The foreword was written by Jose W. Diokno, also a great nationalist and former senator.

The reason I pulled out the booklet: the magnitude 9 earthquake that rocked Japan on March 11 and the killer tsunami that roared through its coasts and killed thousands while the world watched it unfold in almost real time on TV. Following these unprecedented disasters of apocalyptic scale is a series of nuclear breakdowns which those of us living in the Pacific rim hope would not surpass in magnitude the nuclear disasters in Three-Mile Island in the US (1979) and Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union (1986).

The Tañada booklet I have kept these last 28 years moved to my active files last year during the election campaign when presidential candidates were asked about their stand on reviving the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP). There was this Green Electoral Initiatives survey of the presidential candidates’ position on environmental issues initiated by Greenpeace and to which I was invited to be one of the jurors. The booklet served as a reference. It contains annexes, such as some proceedings of the investigation conducted by the Puno Commission (from which Tañada and human rights lawyer, now Senator, Joker Arroyo would walk out). It also has the transcript of Tañada’s grilling of a representative of Westinghouse, the builder of BNPP.

“A monument to man’s folly” was a speech Tañada delivered in 1983 before an audience of human rights advocates and later published by anti-nuke groups. This was one of the references I used when I wrote a rather long magazine article on the BNPP (“The Nuclear Plant is Almost Complete, But Questions Still Beg for Answers,” Panorama, April 28, 1985). I went over it a while ago and I thought what I wrote then could still apply today. The magazine, a collector’s item I must say, is 64 pages thick and is almost entirely dedicated to the pros and cons of the nuke issue. On the cover is Peta’s rock musical “Nukleyar.”

I had gone to the BNPP and had seen for myself the innards of the plant which was supposed to be 99 percent finished at that time (1985) and which had cost some $2 billion, with interest piling. The issue then was not just about safety, it was also about the economics of it and the questionable money trail. I vividly remember interviewing one of BNPP’s opponents Alberto Romulo (the foreign secretary until recently) on a sweltering Holy Wednesday. He explained to me the staggering cost operating BNPP would entail. The project was tied up with an onerous financial deal which involved a Marcos crony.

Tañada’s anti-nuke speech was not all rhetoric. It was well researched, based on facts and cited the Puno Commission’s findings: that the plant was not safe, that is was on old design plagued with unresolved safety issues, that safety was not assured, and that the crucial problem of nuclear waste disposal had not been resolved. Despite these, the suspension of construction was lifted in 1980.

Now I shudder to think of the BNPP’s revival as pushed by some lawmakers, given the massive plunder and corruption in government that were recently brought to light. (After the Japan tragedy, the main proponent in Congress of the BNPP revival shelved her measure.)

Tañada had tried to obtain the revised contract with Westinghouse from then Ministers Cesar Virata and Geronimo Velasco but was told that “the contract is confidential.” Raged Tañada: “I was astonished why a contract regarding an obviously vital and public matter and involving billions of the people’s money should be shrouded in secrecy, but that was the answer.” See now the importance of passing the Freedom of Information Act?

Recalled Tañada: “The only possible explanation could be found in the last paragraph of the Puno Commission’s Report, where (it) said that ‘it is to the best interest of our country and people that the project may continue only if Westinghouse agrees to renegotiate its contract with the National Power Corporation… to remedy the iniquitous and onerous stipulations of the contract, provide reasonable assurance of the safety…, assure supply of uranium fuels and allay the fears of the people about its possible hazards.’”

It was a long battle Tañada thought he was losing, but the people power revolt in 1986 that toppled the Marcos dictatorship would cause the BNPP to be mothballed but the people’s money that continued to go down the drain because of it was another story.

Tañada warned: “Mr. Marcos and his nuclear advisers may well be long remembered for having put up the most expensive and dangerous nuclear power plant in the world, thereby saddling present and future generations of Filipinos with enormous foreign loans, and what is worse, endangering the people’s health and safety. And God forbid, if a serious accident happens and thousands of Filipinos die and the fertile fields of Bataan and neighboring provinces are rendered uninhabitable because of radioactivity, they will also be remembered…

“And the massive ruins of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant on the slopes of Mt. Natib may well stand as a grim memorial of their betrayal of our people.”

The Armageddon-like tragedy in Japan is an eschatological warning to the world.

Send feedback to cerespd@gmail.com or www.ceresdoyo.com

Remembering Tañada vs Bataan nuke plant

Philippine Daily Inquirer/OPINION/by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo

Filed Under: Disasters (general), Government

FROM MY active files I just pulled out the booklet “The Bataan Nuclear Power Plant: A monument to man’s folly” subtitled “Pride and refusal to admit mistakes” by distinguished statesman, nationalist and former Sen. Lorenzo M. Tañada. The foreword was written by Jose W. Diokno, also a great nationalist and former senator.

The reason I pulled out the booklet: the magnitude 9 earthquake that rocked Japan on March 11 and the killer tsunami that roared through its coasts and killed thousands while the world watched it unfold in almost real time on TV. Following these unprecedented disasters of apocalyptic scale is a series of nuclear breakdowns which those of us living in the Pacific rim hope would not surpass in magnitude the nuclear disasters in Three-Mile Island in the US (1979) and Chernobyl in the former Soviet Union (1986).

The Tañada booklet I have kept these last 28 years moved to my active files last year during the election campaign when presidential candidates were asked about their stand on reviving the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP). There was this Green Electoral Initiatives survey of the presidential candidates’ position on environmental issues initiated by Greenpeace and to which I was invited to be one of the jurors. The booklet served as a reference. It contains annexes, such as some proceedings of the investigation conducted by the Puno Commission (from which Tañada and human rights lawyer, now Senator, Joker Arroyo would walk out). It also has the transcript of Tañada’s grilling of a representative of Westinghouse, the builder of BNPP.

“A monument to man’s folly” was a speech Tañada delivered in 1983 before an audience of human rights advocates and later published by anti-nuke groups. This was one of the references I used when I wrote a rather long magazine article on the BNPP (“The Nuclear Plant is Almost Complete, But Questions Still Beg for Answers,” Panorama, April 28, 1985). I went over it a while ago and I thought what I wrote then could still apply today. The magazine, a collector’s item I must say, is 64 pages thick and is almost entirely dedicated to the pros and cons of the nuke issue. On the cover is Peta’s rock musical “Nukleyar.”

I had gone to the BNPP and had seen for myself the innards of the plant which was supposed to be 99 percent finished at that time (1985) and which had cost some $2 billion, with interest piling. The issue then was not just about safety, it was also about the economics of it and the questionable money trail. I vividly remember interviewing one of BNPP’s opponents Alberto Romulo (the foreign secretary until recently) on a sweltering Holy Wednesday. He explained to me the staggering cost operating BNPP would entail. The project was tied up with an onerous financial deal which involved a Marcos crony.

Tañada’s anti-nuke speech was not all rhetoric. It was well researched, based on facts and cited the Puno Commission’s findings: that the plant was not safe, that is was on old design plagued with unresolved safety issues, that safety was not assured, and that the crucial problem of nuclear waste disposal had not been resolved. Despite these, the suspension of construction was lifted in 1980.

Now I shudder to think of the BNPP’s revival as pushed by some lawmakers, given the massive plunder and corruption in government that were recently brought to light. (After the Japan tragedy, the main proponent in Congress of the BNPP revival shelved her measure.)

Tañada had tried to obtain the revised contract with Westinghouse from then Ministers Cesar Virata and Geronimo Velasco but was told that “the contract is confidential.” Raged Tañada: “I was astonished why a contract regarding an obviously vital and public matter and involving billions of the people’s money should be shrouded in secrecy, but that was the answer.” See now the importance of passing the Freedom of Information Act?

Recalled Tañada: “The only possible explanation could be found in the last paragraph of the Puno Commission’s Report, where (it) said that ‘it is to the best interest of our country and people that the project may continue only if Westinghouse agrees to renegotiate its contract with the National Power Corporation… to remedy the iniquitous and onerous stipulations of the contract, provide reasonable assurance of the safety…, assure supply of uranium fuels and allay the fears of the people about its possible hazards.’”

It was a long battle Tañada thought he was losing, but the people power revolt in 1986 that toppled the Marcos dictatorship would cause the BNPP to be mothballed but the people’s money that continued to go down the drain because of it was another story.

Tañada warned: “Mr. Marcos and his nuclear advisers may well be long remembered for having put up the most expensive and dangerous nuclear power plant in the world, thereby saddling present and future generations of Filipinos with enormous foreign loans, and what is worse, endangering the people’s health and safety. And God forbid, if a serious accident happens and thousands of Filipinos die and the fertile fields of Bataan and neighboring provinces are rendered uninhabitable because of radioactivity, they will also be remembered…

“And the massive ruins of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant on the slopes of Mt. Natib may well stand as a grim memorial of their betrayal of our people.”

The Armageddon-like tragedy in Japan is an eschatological warning to the world.

Send feedback to cerespd@gmail.com or www.ceresdoyo.com

From Nuremberg to The Hague

Philippine Daily Inquirer/OPINION/by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo 

Filed Under: history, War, Armed conflict, Justice & Rights

I HAVE always been fascinated by war documentaries, like those on the Nazi era filmed by a woman, Leni Riefenstahl (“Triumph of the Will”), and by soldiers and “embedded” journalists. The ugliness of raw power, the cruelty and suffering as recorded, are enough to make anyone say, “Never again.”

On many of these images many war movies have been based. If you have watched the film “Judgment at Nuremberg” or the latter-day mini-series version, you must have a rough idea what an international trial court is about and must have been shocked by the atrocities committed by human beings against human beings.

The Asia-Pacific Times, a German publication I receive regularly from the German Embassy, recently featured the Nuremberg Trials Memorial. The article (“Justice and a bench”) began with a description of a piece of furniture, the bench on which accused war criminals of the Hitler era sat while they were being tried.

Wrote Klaus Grimberg: “This simple piece of furniture carries a tremendous symbolic power, as if justice and atonement have materialized in the hastily assembled wooden planks.” Among the accused who sat on it were Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring and Hitler’s deputy Rudolf Hess.

The permanent exhibit, the article said, is housed in the Palace of Justice and organized around the legendary Courtroom 600 where the trials conducted by the International Tribunal took place from Nov. 20, 1945 to Oct. 1, 1946.

“The Nuremberg Trials marked the beginning of international criminal law,” Grimberg wrote. “The Nuremberg Principles, established in 1950 by the United Nations, continue to be the foundations of modern international law. There is a straight line leading from Court Room 600 to the International Tribunal in The Hague.”

At The Hague in the Netherlands is the headquarters of the International Criminal Court (ICC) where modern-day “Nuremberg” trials are held. The Philippines will soon officially step into its portals.

The long awaited day has come for human rights advocates in the Philippines who have worked very hard to see the Rome Statute of the ICC signed by the President and for him to promptly endorse it for ratification by the Senate.

President Aquino officially signed the Rome Statute last Feb. 28 and did a symbolic signing last Monday, March 7, before the transmission of the instruments of ratification to the Senate. The President also received ICC president and judge Sang-Hyun Song who met with some members of the Senate.

Song was pleasantly surprised to learn that the President had signed the Rome Statute even before their meeting, and whatever brief remarks Song had prepared for the occasion he had to quickly modify.

Song would later say at a dinner in his honor hosted by legal and human rights groups that the Philippines becoming a state party to the Rome Statue of the ICC is “an enormous gift to the future generation.”

The Rome Statute is the founding treaty of the ICC, the first permanent international court that is capable of trying perpetrators of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The ICC represents one of the world’s most significant opportunities to prevent or drastically reduce the deaths and devastation caused by conflict. Created in 2002, the ICC is now a fully functional judicial institution, with all of the senior officials of the court in place. Civil society played a crucial role in its creation.

It might take a few months but once the Senate’s ratification is official and signatures are affixed, the Philippines will be the 115th nation to become an ICC state party. Ratifying the Statute will mean joining the global movement to end impunity. The Philippines was actively engaged in the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an ICC in 1998.

Song laments that Southeast Asia is severely under-represented in the ICC. Only Cambodia and East Timor have ratified. The whole of South America and most of Europe are represented.

The ICC is an independent court and is not a part of the United Nations or any political body. It is a purely judicial institution that observes the highest standards of fairness and due process in all of its activities. Song stressed that the ICC is a court of last resort that only steps in if national courts are unwilling or unable to carry out genuine investigations and prosecutions.

Under the Rome Statute the national jurisdictions retain the primary responsibility to prosecute atrocity crimes but it is important that states ensure their domestic capacity to do so. So far, Song noted, almost 50 state parties of the ICC have enacted implementing legislation to that end and others will hopefully follow soon.

Song said, “One of the great achievements of the Rome Statute is the strong emphasis it puts on the position of victims. Hundreds of victims are already participating in the ongoing trials through their legal representatives even when they are not called as witnesses. The ICC also has the power to order reparations to victims—including restitution, compensation and rehabilitation.”

The ICC is becoming the international community’s instrument of choice in the global fight against impunity. “Only nine days ago the Security Council took an unprecedented, unanimous decision to refer the situation in Libya to the ICC,” Song announced. “Even all the non-state parties on the Council, such as China, Russia, the United States and India, voted in favor of the referral.” This, he said, was a strong expression of the world community’s growing trust in the ICC.

Again, I say, no to impunity, yes to ICC.

Send feedback to cerespd@gmail.com or www.ceresdoyo.com

Symbolic first $1,000 for each martial law victim

Philippine Daily Inquirer/OPINION/by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo

Filed Under: Human Rights, Government, Martial Law

TWO DAYS ago, Tuesday, March 1, 2011, at a little past 10 a.m., I received my check for P43,200 (the equivalent of $1,000). I was the 28th martial law victim/claimant to receive a check on the first day of distribution (for those with surnames beginning with A to E) in Metro Manila. The checks were given out at the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) compound in Quezon City.

Under the shade of a star apple tree heavily laden with fruits was a tent where claimants were processed and their proof of claim and IDs inspected. After this process, a claimant was given a number and told to proceed to the CHR mini-auditorium where the check distribution was being done.

Flashback: Last January, Honolulu Judge Manuel Real approved the distribution of $7.5 million to settle a class action suit filed in 1986 by rights abuse victims of the Marcos regime.

In 1995, a landmark decision by a US federal grand jury in Honolulu found the Marcos estate liable for torture, summary executions and disappearances of about 10,000 people and awarded the victims $2 billion in damages.

Only now do we taste the first trickle, 25 years after the Marcoses were toppled by people power, and almost to the day.

Robert A. Swift, the US attorney who led the legal battle in the US courts on behalf of almost 10,000 claimants, was there himself to give out the checks to every qualified claimant. Filipino counsel Rod C. Domingo Jr. was also there to welcome the steady stream of claimants.

Seated behind a desk, Swift went over the notice letter and IDs while an assistant pulled out the claimant’s check from a pile. The claimant signed, and Swift extended his hand for a handshake. The claimant was then photographed while holding his/her check.

Some claimants (victims themselves, aging parents of deceased victims and the disappeared) were in wheelchairs, others came hobbling through the pathways. Younger and able-bodied people like myself marched in with smiles on our faces, but I felt my tears welling up when an elderly woman sobbed before me while speaking about her younger brother, an activist, who went missing and was later found dead during the reign of terror.

The day before, on Feb. 28, a dozen individuals received their checks at Club Filipino where a press announcement was held. Among them were friends of mine: Hilda Narciso, Fe Mangahas and Ed Gerlock.

Hilda, a church worker, was detained and raped repeatedly in the 1980s. I had written about her case and kept a copy of her smuggled prison letter that detailed her horrible ordeal. Hilda has personally represented claimants in court appearances.

Fe, an activist and academic, was thrown into prison like her poet husband Roger.

Ed is an American Maryknoll missionary who was detained and later deported. He’s back here and works with an NGO for the elderly.

I had a talk with Domingo and he did say that the $7.5 million that was yielded from a Marcos crony stash (and from which this first compensation was taken) was some kind of a surprise find, so there should be more where this came from.

The question I was raring to ask was: Why is there no opposition from the government this time? Swift said with a disappointed tone that as early as six months ago, the Aquino government had been notified about the money for the claimants but there was no reply whatsoever. What does the silence mean?

CHR Chair Etta Rosales, co-founder of Claimants 1081, has said that all previous governments (after Marcos), except the present one, stood in the way of compensation because, they argued, recovered ill-gotten wealth should go to the national treasury. Does Malacañang’s silence on this historic event now mean that the government is looking the other way? Fine, then.

I have always held the position that even if a big chunk of the Marcoses’ hidden and ill-gotten wealth goes to victims/claimants, the money will circulate in and benefit this country. Better than it going to government coffers, getting stolen, wasted or squandered.

Domingo assured that a petition will be filed to re-instate the 2,000 plus claimants stricken off the list of 9,539. These were those who had filed claims in 1993 but did not, as mandated by the court, refile in 1999. There is enough money left for the remaining claimants, Domingo told me.

There were glitches on the first day, of course, but these could be fixed. In my column some weeks ago, I suggested a website for this event so that claimants could get answers to frequently asked questions (FAQ). There was indeed some failure in communication regarding distribution. The ongoing distribution in Metro Manila, it turns out, is just for claimants with addresses in Metro Manila. Those from the province who rushed to Manila did not get their checks. They will have to go home and wait for the notice of distribution in their areas.

I happily suggested to Domingo that the 9,539 folders containing the bloody cases of the victims (kept by Domingo in a bodega) should later be turned over to the historical archives.

$1,000 each is a pittance and cannot compensate for the sufferings of thousands. And to Imelda Marcos who said that this class suit has “turned into a business,” I say: “You spit on the blood of thousands who died for freedom. You have no shame.”

On behalf of the 9,539 claimants, I say 9,539 thank you’s to Swift, Domingo and their collaborators.

Words from claimant Thelma Arceo, mother of Ferdie Arceo, an Ateneo student activist killed by the military in 1973: “This small amount is not a measure of our suffering. This is not a measure of the Marcoses’ guilt either. This is a proof of their guilt.”

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